Alkaloids[edit]
Alkaloids are bitter-tasting chemicals, very widespread in nature, and often toxic, found in many medicinal plants.[54] There are several classes with different modes of action as drugs, both recreational and pharmaceutical. Medicines of different classes include atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine (all from nightshade),[55] the traditional medicine berberine (from plants such as Berberis and Mahonia),[b] caffeine (Coffea), cocaine (Coca), ephedrine (Ephedra), morphine (opium poppy), nicotine (tobacco),[c] reserpine (Rauvolfia serpentina), quinidine and quinine (Cinchona), vincamine (Vinca minor), and vincristine (Catharanthus roseus).[53][58]
![The opium poppy Papaver somniferum is the source of the alkaloids morphine and codeine.[53]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Opium_poppy.jpg)
![The alkaloid nicotine from tobacco binds directly to the body's Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, accounting for its pharmacological effects.[59]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nicotine.svg)
![Deadly nightshade, Atropa belladonna, yields tropane alkaloids including atropine, scopolamine and hyoscyamine.[55]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Atropa_belladonna_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-018.jpg)
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